Carbon-oil heater.



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LUCY HCSEA, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

CARBON-OIL HEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 698,502, dated Apri129, 1902. Application nea May e, 1901.` userai No. 59,068., oa modem T cir/ZZ whom it may concern.-

lowing is a specification-` My invention relates to hydrocarhon-burners, being a device for the utilization of hydrocarbon oil, kerosene, or coal-oil for heating purposes, more particularly for use in household fireplaces,steamboiler furnaces,

dac.; and it consists in a novel burner cornbined with an air-heatingchamber in such relation that the fiame of the burner is spread in a comparatively thin sheet over a perforated flreback, by means of which heated air ris supplied to and distributed through the flame.

The device is intended toburn the oil di e rect, the burner being constructed and ar-` ranged to take up, distribute, and burn the oil, as a wick, as fast as fed thereto from a receiver.

Mechanism embodying my inventionV is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in

which- Figure 1 is a front elevation of my device in piace in an ordinary mantel-fireplace. Fig. 2 is a cross-section from front to rear showing the form and construction of the trough and heating-chamber. Fig. 3 is a similar cross-section of a slightly-modified form of the heater' having two feeding-troughs Fig. t is a perspective view of the device de,- tached; Fig. 5, a fore-and-aft sect-ion of the device as applied to a steam-boiler furnace.

Referring now to the drawings, the device A, which is termed a heater, consists of two corresponding sides or end pieces c, between which are secured a relatively narrow and laterally-elongated trough ct, containing a porous refractory filling c and provided with an oil-feed pipe p, laid in the trough beneath the filling, and an air-heatingchamber formed between the sides c by a wall or reback h, extending the rear side of the trough upward, a rear wall 19', and a front wall b2, extending from the front edge of the trough downward. The air enters this chamber below, and being heated by the sheet of eiiame whichrises in contact with the wall b `draws air into itself.through perforations o,

with which the freback is provided, and also through apertures o' at the upper edge of the front wall of the trough, allas more partiell- `larly herein` described. In the trough from end to end is placed a feed-pipe p, having a series of minute perforations opening radially at the bottom, and oil is supplied thereto by gravity from an elevated tank D through suitable pipe connections p', controlled by a valve o, or from anyother source of supplyas, for'example, by air-presen re from a tank below. (Not shown.)

`The fireback b is provided with a series of minute apertures Fig, 2, preferably arranged in horizontal rows, as indicated in Figs. l and ,4, and a similar row of apertures opens toward the trough from thefront part of the air-chamber, as at 0'.

The trough is filled in over the pipe p by suitable filling e of comminuted refractory porous material, which takes up the oil fed mits it to burn at the upper surface of the filling. Among many possible substances for this filling I have obtained best results from that prepared as follows: I take the spent ashes of bituminous or anthracite coal, sifted to exclude the larger particlesand with crude petroleum and refined oil in about equal quantities mix into a stiff mortar, which is then lled into the .trough over the pipe, making a filling e, with a forward-slanting surface shown. In thus illing in the stiifness of the mortar permits a cavity to remain at the bottom of the trough adjacent to lower side of the pipe p, which facilitates the outiiow and absorptionof oil subsequently. When partially dried out, fire is applied to the surface of the'fillingand the burning hardens the mass sufficiently for use, and subsequent burnings still Ifurther harden it, yet leave the mass porous. Thus prepared the heater is ready for use. It is intended to be placed, as shown in Fig. l, in the ordinary household replace B in lieulof a. grate,

`with the supply-tank D at one` side in front oil being allowed to flow into the trough in minute streams as permitted .by a regulatingvalve t" from feed-pipep is taken up by the filling c and burns from its surface, as from a wick, being supplied thereto by capillary lattraction stimulated by the heat of the surface. The fiame plays thence upward in a sheet over the fireback Z),which it heats and which in turn heats the air within the inclosed space behind the fireback. The heated air passes from within the said inclosed space through the fireback outward into the llame through the minute orifices o, as indicated by arrows in Fig. 2, and mingling with the incandescent gases assists in producing an approximately perfect combustion. Heated air also passes up beneath the front side of the trough and is discharged backwardly from the front over the Vsurface of the filling e by apertures, as indicated at o', Fig. 2. The form and position ofthe trough a in relation to the fireback Z1 causes a continuous relatively thin sheet of flame to rise upward adjacent to the fireback, supplied with heated air, in minute increments at the rear and giving a large radiating-surface of bright fiame, with practically no smoke or smell, regulated by the amount of oil fed from the supply-tank. There is thus formed a substitute for a gratefire or a gas-log, which is economical and inl a high degree satisfactory. The device can also be used in an .open-front stove of the well-known Franklin type. In either case all the advantages of radiant heat and ventilation are realized. f

The form of the device may be varied according to the taste of the maker. That shown is convenient and has proved successful in use. In practice I find it convenient to form the sides c -c of cast metal,between which issecnred a substantially continuous apron of sheet metal, lforming the walls b b and trough d. The front b2 may be an ornamental casting securely fastened to the sides to strengthen the general frame of the heater.

I 'prefer to form the air-apertures 0 by punching outwardly a tongue or shield having an upward inclination, as indicated in Fig. 2, whereby the upcast of the incandescent gases assists in drawing out the heated air from within the inclosed space behind the re.

The slight modification required to use the heater under a steam-boiler or other object to be heated consists practically in setting tii'e device in a backwardly-inclined position, as shown in Fig. 5,terminating at the bridgewall W. Provision is made for the admission of air at the front by doors or registers ff', the latter feeding the air-chamber and discharge-openings o. Where great intensity of flame is desired, the air may be heated before permitting its entrance behind the fireback, and, if necessary, a slight pressure may be employed for a forced discharge through the various openings.

The filling materialabove described is a poor conductor of heat and under all circumstances sufficiently protects t-he feed-pipe p and keeps it cool, so that no clogging occurs.

The closing in of the reback to make a chamber is not absolutely essential. Good results may be obtained by omitting the back piece 17'; but the effect of closing the same in, as shown, is to produce an ascending column of heated air within the chamber, which discharges into the flame and tends Ito perfect the combustion.

I have shown in Fig. 3 a modified form of ythe device in which a tier of troughs one above and behind another are employed. In

such case the ridge or ridges of separation between the troughs are perforated to permit air to pass up between the sheetsof fiame as they pass to and merge practically into one against the iireback.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesl. As a new article of manufacture ,an open-fire heater for burning kerosene, consisting of a box-shaped structureof metal having a rear wall and a wall in front thereof and constituting an air-chamber open at the bottom, and the forward of said walls terminated below by an open-top Itrough extended from side to side and partly bisecting' the lower portion of the inclosed chamber, said forward wall having perforations through it whereby the air heated in the chamber ybetween the two walls is discharged lforwardly to mingle with the fiame that passes along the front of the forward wall, and said structure having other perforations to discharge air rearwardly across the front edge of the trough.

2. An open-fire heater for burning kerosene, consisting substantially of two or more opentop feed-troughs disposed one above and behind the other, in combination with side, rear and front walls inclosing an airchamber open below the troughs and extended upwardly at rear, perforated to discharge air rearwardly across the front edge of each trough and forwardly through the front wall of the vertical rear extension, the sides of the inclosure being extended forward as a curb extending from theouter edges of the lowest trough to or near the top of the vertical rear extension of the air-chamber, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

LUCY K. I-IOSEA.

Witnesses:

L. M. HosEA, WALTER A. KNIGHT.

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